META-ANALYSIS DATA FOR MULTI-TROPHIC LEVEL INTERACTIONS IN TROPICAL VERSUS TEMPERATE SYSTEMS.

These data are presented to complement publications that include these studies in meta-analyses. If you plan to use these data for other analyses, please contact Lee Dyer for more details: ldyer@mesastate.edu. Descriptions of the data and literature cited are below the table.

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lat	conx	conn	constd	expx	expn	expstd	IV	DV	DVm	effect	paper
tmp	5.20	195.00	1.80	7.20	195.00	1.80	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Abrahamson et al. 1988
tmp	5.90	5.00	1.57	15.00	5.00	2.68	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Aerts 1989
trop	0.06	40.00	0.00	0.18	9.00	0.08	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Aide 1992
trop	86.16	21.00	8.60	3.41	22.00	2.42	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Anderson and Lee 1995
tmp	5.50	5.00	1.50	2.30	5.00	1.12	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Atlegrim 1989
trop	31.30	6.00	10.29	47.50	6.00	17.64	prd	plt	bio	inpos	Bach 1991
trop	120.00	6.00	36.74	52.00	6.00	39.19	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Bach 1991
trop	120.00	6.00	36.74	52.00	6.00	39.19	prd	hrb	bio	inpos	Bach 1991
tmp	54.60	30.00	0.00	47.30	30.00	0.00	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Bauer and Nordin 1988
tmp	1.23	16.00	0.32	1.69	16.00	0.52	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Bjorkman et al. 1991
tmp	2.10	16.00	0.40	2.45	16.00	0.40	res	plt	chm	dirpos	Bjorkman et al. 1991
tmp	57.00	10.00	28.00	69.90	10.00	24.30	res	hrb	bio	inneg	Bjorkman et al. 1991
tmp	7.80	10.00	4.20	0.20	10.00	0.40	chm	prd	bio	inneg	Boeve 1991
trop	25.59	27.00	50.19	180.68	27.00	143.67	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Braker and Chazdon
tmp	3.00	4.00	0.20	3.10	4.00	0.20	res	plt	chm	dirneg	Bryant et al. 1987
tmp	3.10	4.00	0.20	4.60	4.00	1.00	res	plt	chm	dirpos	Bryant et al. 1987
tmp	3.30	10.00	1.58	6.80	10.00	1.58	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Bryant et al. 1987
tmp	94.00	10.00	3.16	1.00	10.00	0.50	res	hrb	bio	inneg	Bryant et al. 1987
trop	0.56	9.00	0.20	1.41	9.00	0.41	prd	hrb	bio	inpos	Buckley 1990
trop	0.85	5.00	0.32	0.22	5.00	0.22	prd	prd	bio	dirneg	Buckley and Gullan 1991
trop	8.00	9.00	3.00	10.80	9.00	3.00	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Burslem et al. 1996
tmp	96.00	20.00	27.95	71.00	20.00	27.95	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Cain et al. 1991
trop	144.20	8.00	17.50	398.50	8.00	89.10	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Chazdon and Pearcy 1986
tmp	1.50	34.00	8.75	3.40	29.00	2.64	res	plt	sur	dirpos	Collinge and Louda 1989
tmp	2.90	31.00	2.23	3.40	29.00	2.64	hrb	plt	sur	dirpos	Collinge and Louda 1989
trop	56.67	10.00	12.65	91.11	10.00	21.08	hrb	plt	bio	dirpos	Dangerfield and Modukanele 1996
tmp	28.00	6.00	17.15	12.00	6.00	9.80	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	D'Antonio et al. 1993
trop	9.40	5.00	2.60	13.40	5.00	4.10	hrb	plt	div	dirpos	Debrot and de Freitas 1993
trop	46.30	5.00	21.20	17.40	5.00	14.90	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Debrot and de Freitas 1993
trop	0.27	16.00	0.14	0.48	16.00	0.17	prd	plt	sur	inpos	del Claro et al. 1996
trop	17.70	15.00	4.46	10.80	15.00	1.93	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	del Claro et al. 1996
tmp	64.30	8.00	14.10	144.20	8.00	26.20	res	plt	bio	dirpos	DeLucia et al. 1989
trop	15.00	14.00	8.98	38.00	40.00	8.85	res	plt	div	inpos	Duivenvoorden 1996
trop	202.80	12.00	219.97	0.30	3.00	1.04	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Escalante and Benado 1990
tmp	13.80	9.00	9.00	83.30	6.00	14.30	chm	hrb	bio	inpos	Faeth 1985
trop	0.08	10.00	0.01	0.10	10.00	0.01	hrb	res	bio	dirpos	Farji Brener and Silva 1995
trop	0.17	4.00	0.13	0.14	12.00	0.04	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Farnsworth and Ellison 1991
trop	1075.00	12.00	259.81	640.00	16.00	86.60	res	plt	chm	dirneg	Feller 1996
trop	0.03	10.00	0.02	0.08	10.00	0.05	res	hrb	bio	dirpos	Feller and Mathis 1997
trop	3.90	20.00	2.41	17.27	20.00	6.73	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Filip et al. 1995
tmp	44.80	16.00	10.00	12.10	16.00	3.20	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Fox and Morrow 1992
tmp	7.09	22.00	0.94	7.47	22.00	0.75	res	hrb	bio	inpos	Fox et al. 1990
trop	680.00	3.00	94.00	337.00	3.00	43.00	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Ganzhorn 1992
tmp	16.00	4.00	5.00	22.00	4.00	3.00	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Gebauer et al. 1987
trop	16.70	3.00	16.00	63.70	5.00	7.20	res	plt	div	dirpos	Gentry and Emmons 1986
trop	0.49	17.00	0.27	0.09	6.00	0.02	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Georgiadis 1989
trop	15.20	5.00	2.10	21.70	5.00	2.10	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Georgiadis 1989
trop	70.10	3.00	33.60	318.00	3.00	43.82	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Gerwing 1995
tmp	20.60	129.00	10.50	24.60	108.00	9.60	res	hrb	bio	dirpos	Glyphis and Puttick 1989
tmp	21.40	127.00	11.40	17.70	212.00	8.10	res	hrb	bio	inneg	Glyphis and Puttick 1989
tmp	60.00	3.00	4.00	83.00	3.00	9.00	res	plt	chm	dirpos	Glyphis and Puttick 1989
tmp	334.70	136.00	106.80	262.00	133.00	112.50	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Glyphis and Puttick 1989
tmp	2.80	6.00	6.80	58.30	14.00	7.00	prd	prd	bio	dirneg	Gunnarsson 1985
trop	2380.00	11.00	2197.00	774.00	11.00	881.00	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Guy 1989
tmp	9.70	10.00	0.63	3.80	10.00	3.48	chm	prd	bio	inneg	Hare and Eisner 1993
tmp	221.63	19.00	56.84	115.53	13.00	42.91	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Harrison and Karban 1986
tmp	32.30	5.00	6.83	51.40	5.00	9.16	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Haukioja et al. 1985
tmp	862.50	2.00	335.90	375.50	2.00	33.20	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Haukioja et al. 1985
tmp	6.50	12.00	1.39	6.20	12.00	0.69	hrb	plt	div	dirneg	Heske et al. 1993
tmp	390.00	12.00	103.92	250.00	12.00	173.21	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Heske et al. 1993
trop	1025.00	10.00	155.00	415.00	10.00	90.00	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Houston 1987
trop	47.30	24.00	6.40	42.00	24.00	8.60	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Howard 1990
trop	2.90	158.00	2.80	4.10	158.00	0.60	res	plt	sur	dirpos	Howe 1990
trop	15.30	3.00	3.50	5.70	3.00	4.00	hrb	plt	sur	dirneg	Howe 1990
trop	0.13	20.00	0.36	0.36	10.00	0.41	res	prd	bio	inpos	Hustler and Howells 1990
tmp	71.40	5.00	2.68	64.40	5.00	2.24	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Jensen 1988
tmp	1.50	12.00	1.73	1.70	12.00	2.77	chm	hrb	bio	none	Johnson et al. 1985
tmp	0.19	25.00	0.15	2.70	25.00	0.50	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Julkunen-Tiitto et al. 1993
tmp	2.60	25.00	2.00	12.50	25.00	1.50	res	plt	chm	dirpos	Julkunen-Tiitto et al. 1993
tmp	10.00	25.00	4.00	5.00	25.00	1.00	res	plt	chm	dirneg	Julkunen-Tiitto et al. 1993
tmp	48.00	6.00	17.00	7.00	6.00	4.00	chm	prd	bio	inneg	Kearsley and Whitham 1992
tmp	1.10	32.00	1.13	0.53	32.00	0.57	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Kelly 1986
tmp	17.30	12.00	41.20	57.20	18.00	50.80	prd	plt	bio	inpos	Kelly 1986
tmp	4.40	5.00	1.34	5.60	8.00	0.51	plt	hrb	div	dirpos	Kemp et al. 1990
tmp	9.00	7.00	5.29	73.00	9.00	105.00	plt	hrb	bio	dirpos	Kimberling et al. 1990
tmp	810.00	9.00	69.00	660.00	16.00	68.00	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Kinsman and Platt 1984
tmp	27.00	4.00	12.00	45.00	4.00	6.00	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Koch et al. 1989
tmp	35.40	6.00	2.94	38.20	6.00	4.41	hrb	plt	div	dirpos	Korn and Korn 1989
tmp	234.00	60.00	89.00	122.60	60.00	17.00	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Korn and Korn 1989
tmp	0.26	30.00	0.02	0.23	30.00	0.03	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Krischik et al. 1991
trop	1.00	5.00	1.19	0.40	5.00	0.69	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Kursar and Coley 1992
trop	0.01	525.00	0.00	0.02	750.00	0.01	chm	hrb	bio	inpos	Lacerda et al. 1986
trop	294.00	36.00	132.00	77.50	20.00	101.00	hrb	plt	sur	dirneg	Lam and Dudgeon 1985a
trop	200.00	75.00	19.60	114.70	75.00	19.60	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Lee 1991
trop	0.27	3.00	0.10	0.05	3.00	0.01	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Letourneau and Dyer 1998
trop	5.70	3.00	6.06	560.30	3.00	328.05	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Letourneau and Dyer 1998
trop	560.30	3.00	328.05	5.70	3.00	6.06	prd	plt	bio	inpos	Letourneau and Dyer 1998
trop	0.24	30.00	0.27	0.06	45.00	0.13	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Letourneau et al. 1993
tmp	0.03	15.00	0.03	0.15	15.00	0.08	res	hrb	bio	inpos	Lightfoot and Whitford 1990
tmp	6.86	20.00	1.78	5.78	20.00	2.42	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Lincoln and Couvet 1989
trop	5.80	12.00	1.70	3.90	12.00	1.10	prd	hrb	div	dirneg	Lounibos et al. 1987
trop	13.00	12.00	3.80	0.00	12.00	0.03	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Lounibos et al. 1987
trop	34.70	121.00	4.60	18.90	37.00	4.60	prd	prd	bio	dirneg	Lounibos et al. 1987
trop	2.90	10.00	1.90	10.80	10.00	4.90	res	plt	chm	dirpos	Lowman 1992
tmp	22.40	11.00	2.32	16.00	12.00	1.73	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Manuwoto and Scriber 1986
tmp	0.40	9.00	0.15	0.80	9.00	0.24	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Marks and Clay 1990
tmp	6.30	4.00	2.20	2.90	4.00	1.00	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Meserve et al. 1993
tmp	16.20	3.00	1.04	6.50	3.00	0.35	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Methy et al. 1990
tmp	0.25	10.00	0.16	0.13	10.00	0.06	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Meyer and Montgomery 1987
tmp	39.50	10.00	7.43	28.90	10.00	10.34	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Meyer and Whitlow 1992
tmp	5.10	12.00	1.73	3.10	12.00	1.70	res	plt	chm	dirneg	Mihaliak and Lincoln 1985
tmp	0.22	7.00	0.08	0.39	15.00	0.15	hrb	plt	bio	dirpos	Mihaliak and Lincoln 1989
tmp	6.38	6.00	3.40	4.89	9.00	1.35	res	plt	chm	dirneg	Mihaliak and Lincoln 1989
tmp	16.00	17.00	12.37	50.00	25.00	40.00	res	hrb	bio	inpos	Minkenberg and Ottenheim 1990
tmp	50.00	25.00	40.00	16.00	17.00	12.37	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Minkenberg and Ottenheim 1990
tmp	583.00	25.00	155.00	1763.00	17.00	387.57	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Minkenberg and Ottenheim 1990
tmp	549.50	24.00	584.94	560.10	24.00	750.03	plt	hrb	bio	none	Munger 1992
tmp	1086.60	16.00	713.20	1692.60	16.00	458.40	prd	hrb	bio	none	Munger 1992
trop	6.00	117.00	9.08	0.80	51.00	1.14	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Murali and Sukumar 1993
trop	22.00	15.00	38.73	0.00	15.00	0.00	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Naeem 1988
trop	5.45	28.00	2.59	1.72	28.00	2.12	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Newbery and de Foresta 1984
trop	7.79	12.00	1.97	3.79	6.00	1.49	res	hrb	bio	inneg	Newbery and de Foresta 1984
trop	-0.20	9.00	0.90	3.50	10.00	2.53	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Nichols-Orians 1991
trop	6.60	9.00	1.50	12.00	10.00	3.16	res	plt	chm	dirpos	Nichols-Orians 1991
trop	-0.16	3.00	0.30	1.33	3.00	0.36	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Oberbauer and Strain 1985
tmp	17.90	29.00	4.10	25.20	43.00	6.10	res	hrb	bio	inpos	Ohmart et al. 1985
tmp	17.90	29.00	4.10	25.20	43.00	6.10	chm	hrb	bio	inpos	Ohmart et al. 1985
tmp	27.60	10.00	3.80	19.80	38.00	2.00	res	plt	chm	dirneg	Ohmart et al. 1985
trop	14.30	6.00	4.30	9.70	6.00	6.30	prd	hrb	div	dirneg	Otis et al. 1986
trop	58.20	6.00	24.40	32.70	6.00	24.10	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Otis et al. 1986
trop	0.39	20.00	0.45	1.30	20.00	0.49	hrb	plt	bio	dirpos	Oyama and Mendoza 1990
trop	0.04	20.00	0.03	0.19	20.00	0.03	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Parra-Tabla and Bullock 1998
trop	80.00	20.00	17.89	61.00	20.00	8.94	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Parra-Tabla and Bullock 1998
tmp	52.60	1.00	8.20	15.30	2.00	4.10	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Pech et al. 1992
tmp	33.80	6.00	9.80	26.10	6.00	6.12	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Polley and Detling 1988
tmp	32.90	5.00	14.53	28.30	5.00	13.86	res	hrb	bio	inneg	Potter 1992
tmp	329.70	5.00	86.76	426.50	5.00	122.54	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Potter 1992
tmp	8.40	8.00	0.50	1.40	8.00	0.30	chm	hrb	sur	dirneg	Potter and Kimmerer 1989
tmp	117.90	8.00	12.20	2.40	8.00	0.70	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Potter and Kimmerer 1989
tmp	2.40	8.00	1.41	0.40	8.00	0.85	hrb	plt	div	dirneg	Prins and Nell 1990
tmp	3.88	10.00	1.01	2.83	10.00	1.36	hrb	plt	sur	dirneg	Prins and Nell 1990
tmp	168.30	79.00	44.30	123.50	79.00	23.90	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Puttick 1986
tmp	3.80	11.00	3.20	19.70	11.00	12.10	chm	hrb	bio	dirpos	Rank 1992
tmp	1.90	10.00	3.79	13.00	10.00	9.17	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Reichardt et al. 1991
tmp	5.00	4.00	2.00	9.00	4.00	2.40	res	plt	chm	dirpos	Reichardt et al. 1991
tmp	26.00	10.00	1.90	45.50	10.00	4.43	res	hrb	bio	inpos	Reichardt et al. 1991
trop	16.30	6.00	5.90	0.00	2.00	0.00	prd	plt	bio	dirneg	Renner and Ricklefs 1998
tmp	22.00	8.00	8.49	40.00	8.00	33.94	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Ritchie and Tilman 1993
tmp	22.00	8.00	8.50	10.00	8.00	8.49	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Ritchie and Tilman 1993
tmp	0.39	15.00	0.23	0.05	15.00	0.06	prd	prd	bio	dirneg	Rosenheim et al. 1993
tmp	0.40	15.00	1.20	0.80	15.00	1.20	prd	hrb	bio	inpos	Rosenheim et al. 1993
tmp	1.90	15.00	1.16	0.40	15.00	1.16	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Rosenheim et al. 1993
tmp	30.00	5.00	15.65	6.00	5.00	0.00	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Schaffer and Mason 1990
tmp	18.00	20.00	4.47	50.00	20.00	8.94	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Schmid et al. 1990
tmp	4.50	4.00	1.20	8.20	4.00	1.60	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Schmitz 1993
tmp	8.20	4.00	1.60	4.00	4.00	1.60	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Schmitz 1993
tmp	8.20	4.00	1.60	5.00	4.00	2.00	prd	plt	bio	inpos	Schmitz 1993
tmp	1.50	4.00	1.00	1.00	4.00	0.50	res	plt	bio	none	Simms 1987
tmp	3.00	4.00	2.00	8.00		4.00	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Simms 1987
tmp	1.01	14.00	0.69	0.01	27.00	0.64	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Speiser et al. 1992
trop	268.70	3.00	77.70	78.70	3.00	31.70	prd	prd	bio	dirneg	Spiller and Schoener 1990
tmp	15.80	8.00	1.70	6.40	8.00	4.24	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Stamp and Bowers 1988
tmp	0.44	5.00	0.03	0.29	5.00	0.08	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Stamp and Bowers 1991
tmp	9.10	22.00	0.70	7.20	22.00	0.47	chm	prd	bio	inneg	Stamp et al. 1991
trop	1.95	10.00	0.38	1.69	10.00	0.27	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Suarez et al. 1998
tmp	1.00	3.00	0.15	8.20	3.00	2.00	res	plt	bio	dirpos	sun Lee et al. 1986
tmp	97.00	3.00	1.00	5.00	3.00	3.00	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Tahvanainen et al. 1985
tmp	73.90	8.00	1.70	95.60	8.00	4.40	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Taylor and Davies 1986
tmp	2.29	95.00	0.77	1.57	95.00	0.59	chm	hrb	bio	dirneg	Tscharntke 1988
trop	1.60	3.00	1.70	5.20	3.00	5.00	res	plt	bio	dirpos	van der Meer et al. 1998
trop	0.50	15.00	6.97	22.60	15.00	18.98	prd	plt	bio	inpos	Vasconcelos 1991
trop	24.50	15.00	22.85	0.70	15.00	0.39	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Vasconcelos 1991
trop	0.89	97.00	0.49	0.58	30.00	0.38	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Vasconcelos and Casimiro 1997
trop	2.25	8.00	1.58	0.21	47.00	0.55	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Vasconcelos and Casimiro 1997
trop	17.80	3.00	3.00	1.70	3.00	0.50	hrb	plt	sur	dirneg	Vasconcelos and Cherrett 1997
trop	29.70	16.00	12.00	7.60	22.00	11.26	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Vasconcelos and Cherrett 1997
tmp	0.69	4.00	0.20	0.25	4.00	0.10	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Vinton and Hartnett 1992
tmp	26.10	35.00	25.44	14.90	35.00	12.42	prd	plt	chm	inneg	Vrieling et al. 1991
tmp	1.10	60.00	1.16	0.60	60.00	0.77	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Vuorisalo et al. 1990
tmp	4.00	20.00	1.34	7.80	20.00	1.30	hrb	plt	chm	dirpos	Wagner and Evans 1985
trop	3.60	16.00	0.80	4.70	16.00	0.80	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Walker and Aplet 1994
tmp	2.40	11.00	1.99	4.00	10.00	3.16	res	hrb	bio	inpos	Wallace and O'Dowd 1989
tmp	13.00	29.00	7.00	7.80	31.00	3.90	res	plt	bio	inneg	Wallace and O'Dowd 1989
tmp	30.40	19.00	20.05	0.60	18.00	0.42	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Wallace and O'Dowd 1989
tmp	50.80	4.00	56.00	32.50	4.00	31.90	prd	hrb	sur	dirneg	Warrington 1985
tmp	5.37	7.00	0.50	4.18	5.00	0.47	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Warrington et al. 1989
tmp	5.70	4.00	1.80	4.75	4.00	1.40	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Watt 1989
tmp	142.60	3.00	16.20	212.20	3.00	45.70	res	plt	chm	dirpos	Watt 1989
trop	5.29	7.00	3.41	2.14	7.00	1.38	prd	hrb	bio	dirneg	Whalen and Mackay 1988
tmp	1.80	10.00	0.63	10.10	10.00	3.48	res	plt	bio	dirpos	Widmann et al. 1990
tmp	6.30	5.00	0.67	5.50	5.00	0.67	hrb	plt	bio	dirneg	Willis et al. 1993

lat = latitude; tmp = temperate; trop = tropical

conx/expx = control/experimental mean

conn/expn = control/experimental sample size

constd/expstd = control/experimental standard deviation

IV = independent variable

DV = dependent variable

DVm = response measured for the dependent variable

dirpos = direct positive effect

inpos = indirect positive effect

dirneg = direct negative effect

inneg = indirect negative effect

res = plant resources (minerals or light)

hrb = herbivores

prd = predators

chm = plant defense

plt = plants

bio = biomass

sur = survivorship/fitness

div = diversity

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